GASTO PUBLICO SOCIAL, EL ACCESO AL AGUA POTABLE Y EL SANEAMIENTO DE LAS POBLACIONES RURALES EN AMERICA LATINA

Abstract

The aim of this study is to shed light on the nature of the relationship between public social spending and water and sanitation coverage for rural populations in Latin America between 1994 and 2014. Using generalized least squares, four models were proposed to describe the relationship between the percentage of coverage in both urban and rural populations with public social spending, as well as with other control variables. Their co-integration has also been established. The evidence indicates that there is a highly-consistent positive correlation between public social spending and the level of coverage in those rural populations in which high access costs are normally incurred. These costs increase when there is no nearby water source or participation mechanisms. Therefore, state intervention has been necessary to increase coverage.

Keywords

Public social spending, drinking water, sanitation, rural populations, public infrastructure, econometric analysis

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación entre el gasto público social y la cobertura de agua y de saneamiento en América Latina (1994-2014). Se estiman cuatro modelos por mínimos cuadrados generales que vinculan los porcentajes de cobertura de las poblaciones urbanas y rurales con el gasto público social y otras variables de control. También se verifica su cointegración. La evidencia indica que el gasto público social tiene una relación positiva y super consistente con el nivel de cobertura de las poblaciones rurales, que suelen asumir altos costos de acceso, por lo que los aumentos de cobertura han requerido de la intervención estatal.

Palabras Clave

gasto público social, agua potable, saneamiento, poblaciones rurales, infraestructura pública, análisis econométrico

Acceder